Jet lag occurs when the normal rhythm of sleep is disrupted after a long flight, and symptoms generally appear when you cross several time zones.
You may suffer from indigestion, intestinal transit problems, drowsiness during the day, inability to sleep at night…
Fortunately, these symptoms gradually disappear as the body adjusts to the new time zone.
Jet lag is a temporary disruption of our internal clock (circadian rhythm). This rhythm is regulated mainly by the natural light captured by our eyes, which influences the production of melatonin, the sleep hormone.
When we change time zone quickly, our internal clock goes out of sync and our body takes time to adapt to the new local time, resulting in daytime fatigue, insomnia, irritability, digestive problems and reduced performance.
For example, if you’re traveling from Switzerland to Washington, there’s a 6-hour time difference. After the flight, your body remains set to the old time zone and wants to wake up at 7 a.m., when it’s only 1 a.m. in Washington. It then takes several days for your body to adapt to the new time zone and its rhythm.
Not everyone reacts in the same way. Some people adapt quickly, while others suffer more from the effects of jet lag. Here are the factors that influence its intensity:
Jet lag can manifest itself in many different ways. Some symptoms are particularly common, however, and can cause considerable disruption to your daily routine during or after your trip.
One of the most obvious signs of jet lag is insomnia : many of those affected have trouble falling asleep or waking up. Although they are tired, they are unable to find restful sleep, for example because they wake up frequently during the night. This symptom is closely linked to the disruption of the internal clock, which remains set to the rhythm of the old time zone, and is often compounded by daytime fatigue , which not only affects general well-being, but can also lead to concentration problems. People affected have difficulty concentrating on their tasks or thinking clearly – which can be particularly problematic when traveling on business.
Other typical physical symptoms of jet lag include:
These symptoms are due to the desynchronization of bodily functions. Digestion, for example, is closely linked to the body’s biological rhythm, which explains why unusual mealtimes can cause problems.
Mood swings are also common. The body, subjected to stress, can react with irritability or low morale.
The length of adaptation depends on several factors:
As a general rule, it takes one day per time zone to regain equilibrium. All symptoms should normally disappear within a week (for a 6 to 9-hour time difference), but it may take longer, depending on your physical condition and age.
Every traveler reacts differently to jet lag, which can, of course, affect frequent travelers too.
If symptoms of jet lag persist for more than two weeks, or if you suffer from severe sleep disorders, it’s advisable to consult a health professional. People suffering from chronic illnesses should also remain vigilant.
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