General bacteriology aconcise course [ebook]

Mohamed Taha Alashram

general bacteriology

Updated on Feb, 2025

Teaching and Academics , Science,

Formats : PDF (Read Only)

llustrated abbreviated book

No Doubt that microorganisms existed on the earth water ground air millions of years before man

he observed the putrefaction of carcass of animals birds himself In fact the relationships between man and microorganism start as early as beginning of his existence on earth he observed the putrefaction of carcass of animals birds himself Putrefaction the process of decay or rotting in a body or other organic matter Ancient Egyptian could stop putrefaction of carcasses of their kings and preserve their holly mummies for several thousands of years by famous Egyptian art and science of embalming Although ancient man did not know microbes •He notice sugar fermentation

Bacterial cell morphology These shapes appear under microscope after isolation and staining Bacterial structure capsule •Flagella •Fimbriae Cell wall Semirigid structure responsible for characteristic shape of bacteria Chemically macromolecular network called peptidoglycan It is thick in game positive thin gram negative Cell wall Give bacteria characteristic shape Protect cytoplasm Determine game staining nature Gram positive Gram negative Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting cell wall formation Mycoplasma are bacterial resistance Gram positive Gram negative Gram +ve microbes Crystal violet complex with iodine Trapped in peptidoglycan cannot be removed by decolorization stain in Grame negative Violet stain initially retained by lipoprotein layer Decolorization dissolve lipoprotein Cell membrane living highly active thin double layered internal to cell wall chemically composed of 60% protein 40% phospholipid Bacterial antigen the bacterial cell is fully antigenic its not a simple antigen it is made of a complex of antigenic substances these antigen recognized on morphological background Flagellar antigen or H antigen thermolabile destroyed by phenol’ alcohol not inhibited by formalin Somatic antigen or O antigen thermostable destroyed by formalin Surface antigen or virulence antigen vi or k antigen thermolabile destroyed by phenol partially inactivated by formalin not by alcohol function of cell membranes ing result in staining of decolorized bacteria with red stain Nutrion Types of bacteria according to source of energy Types of bacteria according to source of carbon Bacterial product Toxin Exotoxin Endotoxin pigment Enzymes exoenzymes endoenzymes Bacterial pathogenicity and virulence pathogenicity Ability to produce disease Requirement for Growth physical chemical requirements identifying unknown bacterium culture isolation staining

bacteriology is very important medical science

its principales are very important to understand health and diseases

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