Evaluation of Nigeria’s Local Fluids as Industrial Quenchants for the Heat Treatment of Tool

Skip to content Call for Papers September 2026 | [email protected] | ISSN: 2582-6832 | Google Scholar | Impact Factor: 5.794 Paper Details Subject: Mechanical Engineering Paper ID: UIJRTV6I50034 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 Pages: 448-453 Date: March 2025 ISSN: 2582-6832 Statistics: Full Text [PDF] Cite this K.K. Ugwuagbo, O.P. Elenwo, and I. Uchegbulam. (March 2025). Evaluation of Nigeria’s Local Fluids as Industrial Quenchants for the Heat Treatment of Tool. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) , 6 (5), 448-453. Abstract The study examined the impact of quenching heat treatment on the mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of AISI 8250 Alloy Steel using vegetable oils as quenchants. Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter were compared to water-quenched and the annealed sample used as control. Heat treatment was run up to 850oC austinitic temperature and fast-cooled in these quenching media before tensile, hardness and metallographic analyses were carried out. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the samples were increased when quenched in Water, Palm oil, Ground nut oil and Shea butter by 69.01, 57.75, 42.25 and 38.73% respectively. Also, the surface and core hardness of the samples increased in the order of Water>Palm oil>Groundnut oil>Shea butter, while the surface to core hardness gradients of 85.29, 81.25, 90 and 100% was recorded for Water, Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter respectively. The results suggest that water quenching may only be recommended due to its very high strength and hardness potentials provided a post-quenching heat treatment such as tempering will be used to improve its adverse effect of cracking tendencies. However, Palm oil was the best quenchant when a good balance between mechanical strength, hardness and crack resistance was desired in addition to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Study has shown Palm oil’s additional value apart from its food demands and its potency as a favorable replacement for water in quenching heat treatment in any industrial, commercial and domestic processing of materials. Keywords: Quenching; Tool Steel; Heat treatment; Sustainability; Environmentally Friendly. Related Papers Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company April 29, 2026 Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics June 4, 2025 Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel April 3, 2025 Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System March 19, 2025 Bushing Puller and Installer November 3, 2024 Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD February 6, 2024 Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions November 2, 2023 Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students October 24, 2023 Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing September 19, 2023 Three Point Perspective Techniques April 26, 2023

Call for Papers September 2026 | [email protected] | ISSN: 2582-6832 | Google Scholar | Impact Factor: 5.794 Paper Details Subject: Mechanical Engineering Paper ID: UIJRTV6I50034 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 Pages: 448-453 Date: March 2025 ISSN: 2582-6832 Statistics: Full Text [PDF] Cite this K.K. Ugwuagbo, O.P. Elenwo, and I. Uchegbulam. (March 2025). Evaluation of Nigeria’s Local Fluids as Industrial Quenchants for the Heat Treatment of Tool. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) , 6 (5), 448-453. Abstract The study examined the impact of quenching heat treatment on the mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of AISI 8250 Alloy Steel using vegetable oils as quenchants. Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter were compared to water-quenched and the annealed sample used as control. Heat treatment was run up to 850oC austinitic temperature and fast-cooled in these quenching media before tensile, hardness and metallographic analyses were carried out. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the samples were increased when quenched in Water, Palm oil, Ground nut oil and Shea butter by 69.01, 57.75, 42.25 and 38.73% respectively. Also, the surface and core hardness of the samples increased in the order of Water>Palm oil>Groundnut oil>Shea butter, while the surface to core hardness gradients of 85.29, 81.25, 90 and 100% was recorded for Water, Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter respectively. The results suggest that water quenching may only be recommended due to its very high strength and hardness potentials provided a post-quenching heat treatment such as tempering will be used to improve its adverse effect of cracking tendencies. However, Palm oil was the best quenchant when a good balance between mechanical strength, hardness and crack resistance was desired in addition to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Study has shown Palm oil’s additional value apart from its food demands and its potency as a favorable replacement for water in quenching heat treatment in any industrial, commercial and domestic processing of materials. Keywords: Quenching; Tool Steel; Heat treatment; Sustainability; Environmentally Friendly. Related Papers Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company April 29, 2026 Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics June 4, 2025 Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel April 3, 2025 Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System March 19, 2025 Bushing Puller and Installer November 3, 2024 Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD February 6, 2024 Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions November 2, 2023 Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students October 24, 2023 Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing September 19, 2023 Three Point Perspective Techniques April 26, 2023

Call for Papers September 2026 | [email protected] | ISSN: 2582-6832 | Google Scholar | Impact Factor: 5.794

Paper Details Subject: Mechanical Engineering Paper ID: UIJRTV6I50034 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 Pages: 448-453 Date: March 2025 ISSN: 2582-6832 Statistics: Full Text [PDF] Cite this K.K. Ugwuagbo, O.P. Elenwo, and I. Uchegbulam. (March 2025). Evaluation of Nigeria’s Local Fluids as Industrial Quenchants for the Heat Treatment of Tool. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) , 6 (5), 448-453. Abstract The study examined the impact of quenching heat treatment on the mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of AISI 8250 Alloy Steel using vegetable oils as quenchants. Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter were compared to water-quenched and the annealed sample used as control. Heat treatment was run up to 850oC austinitic temperature and fast-cooled in these quenching media before tensile, hardness and metallographic analyses were carried out. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the samples were increased when quenched in Water, Palm oil, Ground nut oil and Shea butter by 69.01, 57.75, 42.25 and 38.73% respectively. Also, the surface and core hardness of the samples increased in the order of Water>Palm oil>Groundnut oil>Shea butter, while the surface to core hardness gradients of 85.29, 81.25, 90 and 100% was recorded for Water, Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter respectively. The results suggest that water quenching may only be recommended due to its very high strength and hardness potentials provided a post-quenching heat treatment such as tempering will be used to improve its adverse effect of cracking tendencies. However, Palm oil was the best quenchant when a good balance between mechanical strength, hardness and crack resistance was desired in addition to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Study has shown Palm oil’s additional value apart from its food demands and its potency as a favorable replacement for water in quenching heat treatment in any industrial, commercial and domestic processing of materials. Keywords: Quenching; Tool Steel; Heat treatment; Sustainability; Environmentally Friendly. Related Papers Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company April 29, 2026 Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics June 4, 2025 Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel April 3, 2025 Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System March 19, 2025 Bushing Puller and Installer November 3, 2024 Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD February 6, 2024 Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions November 2, 2023 Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students October 24, 2023 Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing September 19, 2023 Three Point Perspective Techniques April 26, 2023

K.K. Ugwuagbo, O.P. Elenwo, and I. Uchegbulam. (March 2025). Evaluation of Nigeria’s Local Fluids as Industrial Quenchants for the Heat Treatment of Tool. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) , 6 (5), 448-453.

Abstract The study examined the impact of quenching heat treatment on the mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of AISI 8250 Alloy Steel using vegetable oils as quenchants. Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter were compared to water-quenched and the annealed sample used as control. Heat treatment was run up to 850oC austinitic temperature and fast-cooled in these quenching media before tensile, hardness and metallographic analyses were carried out. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the samples were increased when quenched in Water, Palm oil, Ground nut oil and Shea butter by 69.01, 57.75, 42.25 and 38.73% respectively. Also, the surface and core hardness of the samples increased in the order of Water>Palm oil>Groundnut oil>Shea butter, while the surface to core hardness gradients of 85.29, 81.25, 90 and 100% was recorded for Water, Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter respectively. The results suggest that water quenching may only be recommended due to its very high strength and hardness potentials provided a post-quenching heat treatment such as tempering will be used to improve its adverse effect of cracking tendencies. However, Palm oil was the best quenchant when a good balance between mechanical strength, hardness and crack resistance was desired in addition to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Study has shown Palm oil’s additional value apart from its food demands and its potency as a favorable replacement for water in quenching heat treatment in any industrial, commercial and domestic processing of materials. Keywords: Quenching; Tool Steel; Heat treatment; Sustainability; Environmentally Friendly. Related Papers Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company April 29, 2026 Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics June 4, 2025 Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel April 3, 2025 Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System March 19, 2025 Bushing Puller and Installer November 3, 2024 Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD February 6, 2024 Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions November 2, 2023 Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students October 24, 2023 Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing September 19, 2023 Three Point Perspective Techniques April 26, 2023

The study examined the impact of quenching heat treatment on the mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of AISI 8250 Alloy Steel using vegetable oils as quenchants. Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter were compared to water-quenched and the annealed sample used as control. Heat treatment was run up to 850oC austinitic temperature and fast-cooled in these quenching media before tensile, hardness and metallographic analyses were carried out. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the samples were increased when quenched in Water, Palm oil, Ground nut oil and Shea butter by 69.01, 57.75, 42.25 and 38.73% respectively. Also, the surface and core hardness of the samples increased in the order of Water>Palm oil>Groundnut oil>Shea butter, while the surface to core hardness gradients of 85.29, 81.25, 90 and 100% was recorded for Water, Palm oil, Groundnut oil and Shea butter respectively. The results suggest that water quenching may only be recommended due to its very high strength and hardness potentials provided a post-quenching heat treatment such as tempering will be used to improve its adverse effect of cracking tendencies. However, Palm oil was the best quenchant when a good balance between mechanical strength, hardness and crack resistance was desired in addition to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Study has shown Palm oil’s additional value apart from its food demands and its potency as a favorable replacement for water in quenching heat treatment in any industrial, commercial and domestic processing of materials.

Keywords: Quenching; Tool Steel; Heat treatment; Sustainability; Environmentally Friendly.

Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company April 29, 2026 Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics June 4, 2025 Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel April 3, 2025 Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System March 19, 2025 Bushing Puller and Installer November 3, 2024 Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD February 6, 2024 Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions November 2, 2023 Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students October 24, 2023 Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing September 19, 2023 Three Point Perspective Techniques April 26, 2023

Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company April 29, 2026

Green Manufacturing Practices and its Effects on the Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability of an Aerospace Manufacturing Company

Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics June 4, 2025

Effectiveness of Hydropowered Wheel (Hypowheel) Model on Selected Topics in Physics

Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel April 3, 2025

Effects of Tampering Heat Treatment on the Performance of Hardened S7 Tool Steel

Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System March 19, 2025

Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance Method on the Biosolar B35 Ship Fuel System

Bushing Puller and Installer November 3, 2024

Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD February 6, 2024

Integration of AutoCAD Lessons in Comics Form in Teaching AutoCAD

Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions November 2, 2023

Comparative Study on the Strength of Cement-Sand-Gravel Blocks Prepared at Different Proportions

Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students October 24, 2023

Design of Some Aspects of an Instructional Mobile Robots Based on Material Handling to Enhance the Skills of Mechanical Students

Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing September 19, 2023

Technological Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and Manufacturing

Three Point Perspective Techniques April 26, 2023

Three Point Perspective Techniques

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Evaluation of Nigeria’s Local Fluids as Industrial Quenchants for the Heat Treatment of Tool » UIJRT

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